Categories
General Narrative Opinion Reflection

Visit Your Ill Loved One Less, Please.

Mr. Gerald knew the exact day, three years ago that his wife moved into assisted living due to her early-onset dementia and primary progressive aphasia. After being admitted, she suffered a femur fracture, underwent surgery, and soon was no longer able to walk. Her dementia progressed rapidly. As I sat collecting interview data from Mr. Gerald in the hallway, his wife was being moved from her bed to her wheelchair; she was now unable to speak, only able to change her facial expressions and occasionally move her hands. I feared talking to Mrs. Gerald’s love, as I knew that he must be hurting tremendously. Making Mr. Gerald relay the struggles of the last few years simply for the sake of practicing my interview skills felt wrong. My sorrow began to mirror Mr. Gerald’s as the story of his wife’s incurable condition unraveled. He told me the intimate details of the Gerald family dynamic with great accuracy, stating that he was happy to be teaching medical students about their experiences.

“I am with my wife every morning and afternoon for six days of the week; our daughter comes on the seventh day. I am her companion and I keep her active constantly.” Honored to be speaking to such a dedicated husband, I asked, “…and what is that time like? Do you feel that your presence helps your wife with her condition?” Silence fell upon the room. Mr. Gerald tried to speak but was caught by tears. “Please,” I said, “you don’t have to talk about anything that you don’t want to – you are doing such incredible things for your wife. Thank you so much for sharing with us.” The other medical students added their humble thanks and Mr. Gerald continued,

“the aids here, the nurses, they tell me that my wife lights up when I am around – that it is simply not the same when I am not here.”

I asked Mr. Gerald about the strain that this illness has had on life and he relayed that tending to his wife was indeed difficult but it was his duty to do so for his loved one. Being by her side was crucial to him. He described his other daily activities, revealing the healthy social and family life that he maintains outside the assisted living facility.

The physical examination was next, so we moved into Mrs. Gerald’s room. Calling her by her nickname, Mr. Gerald walked in with great enthusiasm and began attending to his wife. Her eyes opened and she smiled, fixating all her attention on her love and ignoring the three white coats that brooded over her.

Once my time with Mr. and Mrs. Gerald was over, I consulted Mrs. Gerald’s medical file. As I read, I came across notes from the assisted living facility’s social worker:

“Mr. Gerald visits his wife frequently. With time, he should do so less.”

That is all that was written. Posing that family or friends aught to visit their ill loved ones less often is not such a cut and dry topic and surely does not merit such stringent of a statement. All families react to illness differently and this should not only be understood by healthcare providers but respected. This was a case of absolute dedication. The physician-patient relationship is secondary to the loving human relationships that enrich patients’ lives. Recognizing this essential fact is crucial to approaching patients and their loved ones humbly – without it, true healing is not attainable.

 

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Categories
Lifestyle Mentorship Reflection

The Importance of Mentorship

One of the most influential and uplifting things that can happen during medical school is finding someone older, wiser, and more mature than you and being blessed with the opportunity to be mentored by that person.

“I don’t think I can do this anymore.” As the words left my lips, I felt a slight twinge, a burning feeling. Shame. I was one month into medical school and I was already giving up. We were in a 7-week crash-course version of anatomy with lectures, Team Based Learning (TBL) sessions, and dissection in an overwhelming whirl that spun us ever more rapidly as the course progressed.  I wasn’t made to memorize the flexors and extensors of the leg and the nerves and vessels of the pelvis.  My brain wasn’t wired to take in this much information and properly spit it all back out. If this was medicine, I didn’t think it was for me.

There was a moment of silence on the other line. I sniffed and blew my nose. Dr. R finally spoke.

“Stephanie, tell me more about what you’ve been thinking about.”

Over the next half-hour, I shared with Dr. R my frustrations with the rote memorization of anatomy and the feelings of burn-out I was already experiencing, having come straight from college to medical school. She was patient and understanding, encouraging me with her own experiences. She acknowledged my perspective and in her gentle way, validated it. Suddenly, I did not feel so alone. To my surprise, I found myself filling with hope that I could find success in medical school. I wiped away my tears and ventured a small smile as she made me promise to update her in the next few weeks. When I hung up the phone, I glanced at the time— it was nearly 10:00pm. I had texted Dr. R that I hoped to talk to her sometime soon about something urgent, and she had texted me back immediately. I was so grateful that she didn’t hesitate to approach me during my moment of panic and self-doubt.


 If medical school is a marathon, then having a good mentor in medical school is like having a personal coach. He/she is on the sidewalks, cheering you on, letting you know about the hill up ahead, and reminding you of your goals during the long, empty stretches of road. You look over your shoulder and at times notice that your mentor is covered in sweat and dirt and Gatorade too. In fact, your mentor has another race, but he/she is taking time off to watch you run. From sharing about previous mistakes to being an example for how to run a race successfully, your personal coach and mentor becomes a role model throughout your marathon and beyond. 


 

How did I meet Dr. R?  In fact, I was assigned to Dr. R’s mentoring group on the very first day of medical school.  As part of the Colleges program at Johns Hopkins, the mentoring group (known fondly as a “molecule”) is composed of one faculty member and five medical students in the same year.  The faculty member checks in with his/her molecule throughout their four years of medical school and provides guidance, assists with planning, and teaches clinical skills. Dr. R has walked with me through both personal and professional issues—from work-life balance to dealing with poor study habits to encouraging me to embrace my passions.  Moreover, I was absolutely touched that she managed to make it out to my wedding last summer.  In inviting me to shadow her in the hospital to having my molecule over at her house to meet her husband and children, Dr. R has generously opened her life up as an example of how one might pursue a career in medicine.  In doing so, she has become a true life mentor to me.

It is well-known that medical school isn’t easy. Thus, having a guide and avid supporter is invaluable. Mentoring programs are becoming more common nationally, as research has found that having mentorship is an important component of success in academic medicine (Cho et al, 2011). However, the importance of seeking mentorship from the start of medical school isn’t always properly emphasized. Do you currently have an influential mentor? In what ways have he/she supported you? How would you define a “good mentor”?

If you don’t yet have a mentor or your current mentoring relationship isn’t going as you hoped, not to worry! In my next blogpost, I will share some suggestions about how to get started with finding a mentor as well as how to make the most of a mentoring relationship.

 

Coming up…

“How to Approach a Potential Mentor and Get the Most out of a Mentoring Relationship”

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Categories
Law Opinion

Medicolegal Issues: Physician Involvement in Litigation

The medical and legal landscapes are intertwined much more so than ever before. With the advent of this close relationship between the medical and legal fields, physicians have become involved in a multitude of legal proceedings. Physician involvement ranges from consultation on legal matters to testifying in open court to contesting malpractice lawsuits. In part 2 of our review of medicolegal issues, we are going to look at a few different types of legal cases that physicians are involved in, and what their roles are in those proceedings.

Social Security or Supplemental Security Disability Hearings

One of the major case types in which physicians are involved is for determination of an individual’s eligibility for Social Security or Supplemental Security Income Disability. Both of these programs provide financial assistance for those with disabilities. Social Security Income Disability pays benefits to people who are “insured”, meaning those who have worked for a certain number of years and have paid Social Security taxes. Supplemental Security Income does not have those restrictions, and pays benefits based on the financial requirements of the applicant.

Cases involving income disability center around a hearing, where citizens can appeal decisions made by the Social Security Administration (SSA) involving eligibility or specific monetary payouts. In these types of cases, physicians often testify for both the claimant and SSA. When physicians testify for the claimant, their purpose is usually to summarize key information about the claimant’s medical history and to provide the judge with evidence justifying the awarding of income disability. When physicians testify for the SSA, the purpose of their testimony remains to summarize key information about the claimant’s medical history. However, physicians are often called by the SSA to help support SSA decisions and prevent the case from being remanded or appealed again. Irrespective of which party the physician testifies for, they are also exposed to questioning by the other side involved in the hearing.

Criminal Trials

Another key case type that physicians testify in, and probably the one most notable to the public, is criminal trials. In criminal trials there are two notable roles that physicians may play.   Physicians in the field of forensic pathology fill the first notable role. Forensic pathology is a sub-specialty of pathology and requires an additional year of fellowship training after completion of a pathology residency program. The role of forensic pathologists is multiple, with their primary objective being to analyze biological evidence. This analysis can include such things as performing autopsies on postmortem specimens to determine cause of death, examining wounds for possible etiology, inspecting histological slides to identify a disease process, or interpreting toxicology screens to determine drug exposure or impairment. Forensic pathologists are often called upon as expert witnesses to provide their testimony in open court, and they are subject to questioning by both parties involved in a case.

Forensic psychiatrists fill the second notable role for physicians in criminal trials. Forensic psychiatry is a sub-specialty of psychiatry, with an additional year of fellowship training after completing a psychiatry residency program. The responsibilities of a forensic psychiatrist include determining a person’s ability to stand trial in the context of mental competence. Further responsibilities include giving an opinion to the court about the mental state of a person during the commission of a crime. If a forensic psychiatrist determines that the party in question has some mental defect or illness, the party may be found “not guilty by reason of insanity.” The validity of these judgments are controversial, as many are suspicious of attorneys using “insanity defenses” when they are not typically warranted. Like forensic pathologists, forensic psychiatrists are subject to questioning by both parties involved in any legal case in which they testify.

Malpractice Cases

Medical malpractice is defined as professional negligence by a health care provider where the treatment provided falls below, or deviates from, accepted standards of care. The specific course of action taken by the health care provider results in injury or death of the patient. In these types of cases physicians are the defendants, and they often employ legal advisors to aid in their defense. In order to further protect themselves from malpractice suits, physicians and hospital systems spend significant sums of money on malpractice insurance.

The statistics behind medical malpractice are both interesting and striking. In 2012, malpractice payouts totaled $3.6 billion from 12,142 claims. Cases involving death (31%) and significant permanent injuries (19%) encompassed 50% of all payouts. 5 states (New York, Pennsylvania, California, New Jersey, and Florida) had total payouts exceeding $200 million. The significant monetary burden of malpractice claims has created a controversy surrounding tort reform. Malpractice tort reform will be the topic of the next installment of the series, so stay tuned!

 

Sources

  1. http://www.ssa.gov/disability/
  2. http://www.disabled-world.com/disability/legal/ssdi-hearings.php
  3. http://www.ssdrc.com/disabilityquestions1-49.html
  4. http://www.forbes.com/sites/learnvest/2013/05/16/10-things-you-want-to-know-about-medical-malpractice/
  5. http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/legal-regulatory-issues/29-statistics-on-medical-malpractice-payouts-and-lawsuits.html

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Cast Aluminium Nurse with Stethoscope (Ne Kensington, PA) by takomabibelot